منابع مشابه
Knowing About Diagrams
Understanding diagrams and using them in problem solving requires extensive knowledge about the properties of diagrams, what diagram elements denote, how their parts are distinguished and referenced, how they relate to linguistic statements, and so forth. This knowledge is most naturally represented linguistically. Nonetheless, diagrams or imaginal representations of them are used in substantiv...
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Levels of awareness for trauma and their consequences for research, treatment, and prevention within professional psychology and society are considered. When people must endure chronically traumatic environments, it may be adaptive to isolate from awareness information that would produce cognitive dissonance and threaten necessary relationships. Unawareness may also facilitate functioning in en...
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This paper out l ines an approach toward computa t i ona l l y invest igat ing the processes involved in reasoning about the knowledge states of other cogn i t i ve agents. The approach is Fregean and is compared with the work of McCarthy and Creary. We describe how the formalism represents the knowing o f intensional i nd iv idua ls , c o r e f e r e n t i a l i t y , i t e r ated propos i t i...
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In this article we investigate preschool children's understanding of indeterminacy by examining their ability to distinguish between determinate situations--in which the available evidence eliminates all uncertainty about an outcome--and indeterminate situations--in which it does not. We argue that a full understanding of indeterminacy requires the coordination of 3 processes: search, evaluatio...
متن کاملKnowing How vs . Knowing That
More than forty years after Gilbert Ryle published his paper on "Knowing How and Knowing That" in 1945, 1 the problem of practical knowledge has still failed to establish for itself a secure position in the field of problems dealt with by analytic philosophers. Thus even today it can safely be asserted that it is discursive or theoretical knowledge, knowledge linguistically expressed, above all...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: BMJ
سال: 2006
ISSN: 0959-8138,1468-5833
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.332.7542.645